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__**What caused the Revolution?**__
Dissastisfaction with the existing conditions Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese War Bloody Sunday WW1

__**Key Players**__
Joseph Stalin: Stalin rose to power after the Revolution. He would become leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. Stalin was viewed by many as evil.

Cheka (Secret Police): Created to protect the Revolution from anti-Bolshevik elements. Cheka performed mass arrests, imprisonments, and executions of "enemies of the people." The Cheka targeted "class enemies" such as the bourgeoisie, and members of the clergy; the first organized mass repression began against the libertarian Socialists of Petrograd in April 1918.

Tsar Nicholas ll: Last Emperor of Russia. He was disliked because of the USSR's loss in the Russo-Japanese War. The Russian people did not trust him with the welfare of the country. He was later deposed and, along with his family, assassinated.

Bolsheviks: Members of the extremist wing of the Russian Social Democratic party that seized power during the Revolution. These were the people that wanted to overthrow Russia's current government and make it a Communist country. The poorer people in Russia supported the Bolsheviks, because Communism supports the thought that everyone is equal.

Leon Trotsky: Leader of the Bolshevik extremists. Former leader of the Red Army. Widely liked because the peasants of Russia supported the Bolsheviks.

Vladimir Lenin: Also a leader of the Bolsheviks. Fought in Petrograd in February of 1917. Also liked because of his connection to the Bolsheviks.

**__How did it end?__**
Tsar Nicholas ll and his family were killed and replaced with a temporary government. That temporary government was later replaced by the Communist Bolsheviks.

Animal Farm Chapters 1 and 2 Questions
1. They act like animals through their eating habits, hay, oats, biscuits. But they act like humans due to the fact that they can talk, read, and write. 2. His speech convinced the animals that ALL humans are filthy, ungrateful enemies and must be eliminated. This is just a bunch of propoganda, trying to get the animals to follow along in his scheme. 3. This assumes that ALL HUMANS cannot be trusted and don't deserve to live. This is a very dangerous assumption. He also assumes that all animals are trustworthy and loyal. There could be a traitor among them! 4. They were so easily led because they all had a common goal in mind: to overthrow the human race. At that point, anybody who told the animals that they could accomplish this goal, they would believe, because they all wanted to achieve it. 5. The ribbons are the badge of slavery because the humans believe that they can do anything they want to the animals. Snowball disliked the fact that the ribbons suggested the humans' unappreciation. 6. The Rebellion gave the animals the confidence they needed to carry out their mission. Knowing that they had harmed the humans and driven them off of the farm was a massive morale booster for the uprising. 7. "Any being with 2 legs is an enemy". This is a dangerously vague statement that could result in the driving-out of the entire human race, even if the human was an animal lover. 8. In both Marxism and Animalism, the society (in this case the farm) is free to produce their own supplies. But on the farm, animals are not allowed to sell goods, compared to Marxism, which allows the trade and selling of items. In both, the community is also has the right to its own government. 9. The farm allows each animal equal opportunities. It also comes with peace and calm, because they have formed their own "ideal" government. One last thing is that it is filled with only its own race, animals, under a common belief (humans are evil).

Chapters 3 & 4 Questions

1. The animals are all working together for the good of society. 2. It represents the Hammer and Sicle on the Soviet flag. 3.They start to disagree on rather simple matters. 4. It unites animals under a common enemy: man. 5. They brainwash the animals unto thinking that they know best. 6. Squealer tells all the animals that if they don't listen to the pigs, Jones will come back. 7. In the Battle of the Cowshed, the humans were revolting against the animals. 8. " Animals may not sleep in beds with sheets". Until now, animals weren't even allowed near beds. 9. Propaganda. Lies. Deception. I could go on forever.

Chapters 5 and 6 Questions
1. Because she had been hiding ribbons and sugar under the hay in her stall. 2. Snowball is for the windmill, and Napoleon isn't, so Napoleon has the dogs chase her off the farm. 3. With Jones, although the animals didn't get much in return for their work, life was fairly laid back. With Napoleon, he expects everyone to contribute and pull their share of the weight. 4. Because what was once an act of defiance and had never been done before, is now expected due to the uprising. 5. This is propoganda. Squealer is covering up Napoleon's bad choices and rewording them. He succeeds because none of the animals are smart enough to know better. 6. This shows that Boxer is a hard worker and will obey orders. This can be good or bad. 7. He claims that it was his idea and that without his leadership, there would be no windmill. 8. He sleeps in a human bed, but changed the rules so that you couldn't sleep in a bed with //sheets.// He also doesn't allow trade, but does and passes it off as //"exchange for necessary goods".// 9. Tactics are Napoleon's strategies for creating an ideal farm and/or world.

Chapters 7 & 8 Questions

1. He has Squealer blame Snowball for everything, making it seem like Napoleon is doing all he can for the benefit of the farm. 2. They get slaughtered by the dogs on the spot. 3. Napoleon threatens that Snowball is out to get them and will take the chance to strike if the animals allow it. 4. He uses this as a warning to traitors, hoping they will drop their plans. All of the animals are scared to speak out for fear of their lives. 5. She sang this to describe her desire for freedom. Clover is hoping that better times are around the corner. 6. He says the song isn't needed because they have the perfect society. He just doesn't want the animals getting any ideas about rebellion against him. 7. Chapter 8 has several instances of the manipulation of rules. He tells them those were the rules the whole time, but he is just lying to create a better life for HIM.

Chapters 9 & 10 Questions

1. The stated purpose is to celebrate the struggles and triumphs of Animal Farm. I believe the real purpose is for the pigs to remind everybody of their leadership. 2. I think he let Moses return to motivate the animals with stories of Sugarcandy Mountain. This could have made the animals want to work harder to reach that place. 3. He is admired because of his work ethic and loyalty. The animals thought he was going to the slaughterhouse because the print on the van said "horse slaughterer". Squaler told the animals that the Vet had recently bought the van and hadn't yet covered up the writing. 4. Boxer actually was sent to the knacker's in exchange for a case of whiskey for the pigs. 5. Upper/lower class. The pigs thought of themselves as better than the others, and gave themselves special priveleges.

Comrehension Questions

1. Because they figured that they couldn't get there, due to the fact that it is in the sky. 2. It motivates the animals. It encouraged the animals to Rebel in hopes of a better life. 3. Because they were being led by other animals. 4. He is against the windmill because Snowball is getting all the credit for it. After Snowball is gone, he claims the plan as his own. 5. Snowball was pitching his plan for the windmill when Napoleon called in the dogs and chased Snowball away. The other animals were too scared of the dogs to step in. 6. He is saying that Napoleon has all the right answers and can help the people not to be wrong. 7. He should share the info with his followers, but he should also pitch in with the work. 8. They revised the rules to accomodate their needs. 9. I don't think any of the animals complained because they had been used to the pigs getting what they wanted. The other animals were doing all the work anyway, so it didn't matter. 10. He said that he saw his hoofprints and claimed they had his scent. I personally don't believe they were Snowball's.

5 Examples of Propaganda & what truth they hold

1. "If Napoleon says it, it must be right!" Boxer. Yes, Napoleon has some good ideas and contributions, but this propoganda statement has almost no truth. 2. " In 'Beasts of England' we expressed our longing for a better society in days to come. But that society has now been established." In ways life is better now than in Jones' time, but to say that it is perfect is a stretch. 3. "No animal shall kill any other animal WITHOUT CAUSE." The pigs are taking advantage of the other animals' stupidity and brainwashing them into thinking this was the original law. This fals into the "Brainwashing" type of propaganda. 4.
 * Friend of fatherless!**
 * Fountain of happiness!**
 * Lord of the swill-bucket! Oh, how my soul is on**
 * Fire when I gaze at thy**
 * Calm and commanding eye,**
 * Like the sun in the sky,**
 * Comrade Napoleon!**

Sleeps at peace in his stall,
 * Thou are the giver of**
 * All that thy creatures love,**
 * Full belly twice a day, clean straw to roll upon;**
 * Every beast great or small**
 * Thou watchest over all,**
 * Comrade Napoleon!**

This is mostly lies. The poem describes Napoleon as the ideal leader. Very far from the truth. 5. "4 legs good, 2 legs bad". Very little truth to this. Surely not ALL animals are good and ALL humans bad?
 * Had I a sucking-pig,**
 * Ere he had grown as big**
 * Even as a pint bottle or as a rolling-pin,**
 * He should have learned to be**
 * Faithful and true to thee,**
 * Yes, his first squeak should be**
 * "Comrade Napoleon!"**

Timeline

Tyranny/Tsarist Aristocracy Social Democracy Dictatorship/Communism Communism/Totalitarianism Jones No true leader Napoleon, Pigs & Dogs Humans and Pigs __**REBELLION The Chasing-out of Snowb****a****ll The Meeting Between the Humans and the Pigs**__

Life was bad All animals are equal Life was decreasing in quality Life is just as bad as in Jones' time Animals were treated poorly Life was very good Pigs and Dogs get special priveleges Humans and Pigs get all of the special goods, no work Shared everything


 * __Vocab__**

Allegory: A story... each character represents or symbolizes something other than what it is... sometimes parallels rel life events

Satire: The, use of irony, sarcasm, in a story... to ridicule/poke fun at somebody's foolishness

Fable: A short, moral story, usually with animals as characters... that can speak... uses personification

Euphemism: The substitution of a mild, inoffensive, relatively uncontroversial phrase for another more frank expression that might offend or otherwise suggest something unpleasant to the audience...created to amuse,mislead, or put a positive spin on events

Animal Farm ||~ What it symbolized for Orwell ||~ What it symbolizes for me || Believed all animals were good, and all men were evil. || Old Major is meant to represent Karl Marx, one of the most famous philosophers and political theorists in the history of the world. Marx wrote a little book called //The Communist Manifesto// in 1848 that is now known all over the world, in large part due to the Russian Revolution of 1917, which tried to implement many of Marx’s ideas. He invented the concept of Socialism. Socialism is when people share equally in work and the goods that their work produces.
 * ~ Character/item/event from
 * Old Major: the most well-respected animal in Manor Farm history.

|| A person that reminds me of this person/animal is Barack Obama. I think this because he believes in taxing the rich to pay for Healthcare and other needs of the government. || || Boxer is meant to stand for the Russian proletariat, the powerful but often simple-minded working class. Through characters like Boxer and Clover, it becomes clear that the narrator has little respect for the average working man’s intelligence and regards him as a pawn of the Soviet regime. || Boxer kind of reminds me of myself. Not really the super strong part, but the fact that he will do almost anything to please people. I am not proud of this, but until that changes, I can see a lot of Boxer in myself. || || The windmill could represent a universal symbol for the tall promises which every politician makes to his gullible electorate. Most of these promises are never fulfilled by the politicians and even if they are fulfilled they do not work to the satisfaction of the general public. || To me the windmill reminds me of modern-day politicians. At first it seems to have so much promise and potential, but after you realize there are strings attached, it no longer seems like a good idea. || || They represent peasant farmers. In Chapter seven, Napoleon calls for the hens to 'surrender their eggs'. This is a reference to Stalin's attempt to collectivize the peasant farmers of Russia. The hens attempted to resist the order at first, just as the peasant farmers of the Ukraine. But, just as in real life, they were eventually starved into submission. In the book, 9 hens died during the incident. In real-life, it is estimated that somewhere between 4 and 10 million Ukrainian peasants were starved to death by Stalin. In the book, it was also said that the Hens smashed their own eggs to protest Napoleon's actions. In real-life, Ukrainian farmers would slaughter their own livestock before joining a collective as a form of protest. So many farmers engaged in this practice, that livestock in the Ukraine dwindled by 50%-80% between 1928 and 1935. The problem got so out of hand that Stalin eventually executed any farmer found guilty of engaging in this practice. Even the act of 'neglecting' your livestock was punishable by death. || To me they represent middle-class Americans || || The Battle of the Windmill represents the Battle of Stalingrad, when Russia struggled to protect one of its most vital cities. || This battle reminds me of Vietnam because of the disregard for both civilian and military casualties. The Viet Cong and NVA set booby traps everywhere, not caring who got killed. || || In Stalin’s Soviet Union, people of every gender, age, and profession were suspected of treachery. Many were forced to confess to things they did not do, all in the name of keeping the public subdued by fear. || This also reminds me of the mass executions performed by the Nazis during WWll. Roughly 6 MILLION innocent Jews were murdered. || || The Soviet Union Flag ||  || || The meeting between the pigs and the humans is an allusion to the Tehran Conference, which took place in November of 1943, and which was intended to map out a strategy to end World War II. It was a meeting of the leaders of the Big Three allied powers, jointly leading the fight against Hitler: Franklin Roosevelt of the United States; Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom; and Joseph Stalin of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.). || This reminds me of the G20 Summit held in France this year. Leaders from all over the world were in attendance. ||
 * Boxer: the strongest and one of the most well-respected animals, also known for his "steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work."
 * The Windmill was meant to create an easier life for the animals on the farm.
 * The chickens spent day and night contributing their eggs for the good of the farm and are looked upon as lesser animals.
 * The Battle of the Windmill: occurred when Snowball and the humans tried to take back the windmill and Animal Farm.
 * The slaughtering of the animals: Animals were forced to confess to assisting Snowball, yet they did not do the deeds.
 * The Animal Farm Flag
 * The meeting of the farmers and the pigs to discuss inter-farm relationships