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__//**allegory**//__- A story... each character represents or symbolizes something other than what it is..l. and it has a hidden meaning __//**satire**//__- way to criticize someone or somebody's faults by making fun of them or using humor the use of sarcasm, irony, in a story... to ridicule/ poke fun at/ or criticize someone's faults or foolishness __//**fable**//__- a story that has a moral/ lesson and it has animals as characters... that possess human characteristics... PERSONIFICATION
 * __DEFINITIONS__**

|| Karl Marx - A political philosopher in the 1800's whose concepts and ideas eventually turned into socialism and communism which are the idea that a societies' people should share in both all the work that is done... as well as all the goods that work produces. Believed IN SHARING. || My Parents- Try to get my siblings and I to do equal amounts of work and get equal rights and privileges out of it. || || The working class. This group of people listened and passed on the instructions and information the leaders had given them. Dedicated workers who seemed to have less than the average intelligence. || Americans- Boxer represents the majority of middle class workers today. The middle class does a lot of the work when the don't get what they deserve. || || Leo Trotsky- One of the original revolutionaries. Became one of Joseph Stalin's biggest enemies. Expelled in 1925 from Politburo a year after Stalin was in control of the nation. He wasn't only exiled in body, but also in Russian peoples' minds. Said to be a traitor. He was assassinated in Mexico City. Second in command after Lenin. || Martin Luther King- Believed all people were equal. Tried to improve working conditions for African Americans. || || Russian Media- Spread Stalin's version of the truth to the masses. Exaggerated the truth. || Paparazzi- Don't tell the truth about people, make up things that aren't true. Lie to make money. || || Russian Orthodox Church- Talked about Heaven (Sugar Candy Mountain). Believed in Marxism. || Rich people- Sit back, do nothing, and get filthy rich while their big businesses and employees do all the labor. || || Stalin tortured the people who worked and talked against him and made them confess to something they didn't do so he could kill and get rid of them. || Persecutions of Christians- People who were persecuted for their faith that they believed in. || || Germany- Neighboring nation that seemed orderly and well kept. || My Mom- Keeps everything organized and orderly. ||
 * ~ Character/Item/Event From Animal Farm ||~ What it symbolizes for Orwell ||~ What it symbolizes for me (in today's world) ||
 * Old Major- The most well-respected animal on the farm. Humans were evil. If they weren't around life would be worthwhile. Believed all animals should share in the work and the good things that come from work.
 * Boxer- Very hard-working and dedicated follower. Agreed with whatever the pigs said and went along with their plans.
 * Snowball- One of the pigs who was a main leader of Animal Farm. Tried to improve working conditions. Believed all of the animals were equal.
 * Squealer- Convinces the farm animals that Napoleon is always right and that taking advantage of the hard-working animals isn't actually taking advantage of them.
 * Moses- The raven who was Jone's special pet. He left the farm after the Rebellion and later came back. He didn't do any work. All he did was talk about Sugar Candy Mountain, an afterlife for animals.
 * Slaughtering of the Animals- Napoleon makes the animals confess to crimes they didn't commit and then he kills them.
 * Pinchfiled Farm- Neighboring farm that was well kept and orderly and the owner was Mr. Frederick.

__//**Ch. 1-2 Animal Farm**//__ //**__Ch. 3-4__**// __**//Ch. 5-6//**__ **__//Ch. 7-8//__** //**__Ch. 9-10__**//
 * 1. __In what ways are the animals behaving like animals? In what ways are they like humans?__** The animals are like real animals because they rely on humans for certain things such as food, water, health, and shelter. They are like humans because they talk and communicate and they are able to understand lige and its unfairness, which gets them thinking about an Animal Revolution. They can also learn like humans. The pigs found an old book and taught themselves how to read.
 * 2. __Review Old Major’s speech in the barn. Describe its impact on the animals.__** The impact of Old Major's speech o the animals was getting them to realize the unjustness of an animal's life. This speech made the cleverer animals have a new view on life and it made the less clever animals more aware and ready to react to what a cleverer animal does or tells the less clever animal to do.
 * 3. __Why does Old Major say, “ All men are enemies, all animals are comrades”? What assumptions about men and animals does this statement reflect?__** The assumptions that this quote reflects are that the humans abuse their power over animals and mistreat them. It also reflects that the animals are all on their own side. They shouldn't try to hurt a fellow animal and that all animals should focus on taking out the humans together.
 * 4. __The pigs began leading the other animals in the second chapter. Why were the animals so easily led?__** The animals were easily led because the cleverer animals saw life like the pigs did and had the same views on life and the less clever animals were loyal and knew that the cleverer animals were leading them in the right direction.
 * 5. __Explain why Snowball says to Mollie, “Those ribbons that you are devoted to are the badge of slavery.”__** Snowball said that quote to Mollie explaining why she wouldn't want to keep the ribbons. Snowball explained to Mollie that keeping the ribbons would remind her and everyone else of the labor they had to do like dragging in a cart to market or dragging the plow. Snowball also explained how they wanted to get rid of everything that liked them to the humans and the ribbons were an easy link.
 * 6. __Examine the Rebellion and its aftermath. Describe the effect on the animals.__** The effect of the Rebellion and the aftermath on the animals was that they became joyful that they were free from the control of the humans and they celebrated this by getting rid of all of the ties between them and humans such as ribbons or an old straw hat.
 * 7. __Review the seven commandments. There is a strong statement implicit I these concerning mankind. What is it?__** The commandment that concerns mankind is, "Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy." This reflects one of Old Major's sayings how all animals should be aware of all humans because they are mean and unfair. The animals think they are equal but man does not. Animals should be the leaders because humans are cruel.
 * 8.__Examine the relationship between Animalism and Marxism.__** The relationship between Animalsm and Marxism is that Marxism is where everything's equal. If everyone does the same amount of work, everyone gets the same amount of food and money. Animalism is the idea that man is the enemy. Man is unfair, unjust, and mean and that the animals would not resemble man. When Mr. Jones was in charge, the animals seemed to follow Animalsism more, but now that the humas are gone, the farm follows more of a Marxism teaching.
 * 9.__A utopia is a place of ideal perfection. In what way could the farm have been a perfect place for a utopian community?__** The farm could have been a utopian community because the animals have a choice to do whatever they want. They can lounge around, do no work, and get fat, or they can harvest the crop and this is what the animals plan to do and they plan to do it faster and better than the humans. The animals are now able to get what they deserve and get it equally on the farm because they are in charge. They want to do it equally.
 * 1. __How is the farm becoming more like a civilized society?__** The farm is becoming more like a civilized society because Snowball tries to organize Animal Committees, all of the animals are starting to learn to read, they do their best to follow the seven commandments, and the animals all do daily work to help Animal Farm prosper.
 * 2. __Describe the flag for the farm. Analyze the symbolism of it.__** The flag for the farm is an old green tablecloth with a white hoof and horn on it. It symbolizes the freedom of the animals who live on the farm.
 * 3. __What foreshadowing is given that Napoleon and Snowball are going into a power struggle?__** The foreshadowing that shows us that the two head pigs are going into a power struggle is when they are in a debate, they always disagree and try to have things run their way on the farm.
 * 4. __Snowball simplifies the seven commandments. How is this new slogan a good propaganda technique?__** It's a good technique because it helps the less clever animals know what the commandments mean.
 * 5. __Explain how the pigs set themselves up to be the elite on the farm.__** The pigs set themselves up to be the elite on the farm by reminding the rest of the animals of how clever and smart they are and saying that without them the farm couldn't function properly and making the less clever believe that the way the farm is run is right and fair. The pigs also say Jones would come back without their leadership.
 * 6. __Brainwashing of the animals takes place. Describe Squealer's part in this.__** Squealer helps brainwash the animals by telling them that the reason the pigs are taking all the milk and apples is because it is absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig and that the farm needs the pigs, otherwise Jones would come back. The pigs make the rest of the animals believe this so the animals don't think that their leaders are selfish or abusing their privileges.
 * 7. __How is the Battle of the Cowshed different from the Rebellion?__** The two battles are different because the Rebellion was getting Jones and his men off of the farm and the other battle was to keep Jones and the others off of the farm and the Rebellion wasn't planned and the Battle of the Cowshed was planned out on the animals' part this battle included a stunning and a death.
 * 8. __Snowball and Boxer are both decorated after the battle. Explain the emotions of each concerning this.__** Snowball's emotions after this battle was happiness. He's proud and thinks the only good human is a dead human. He had just won a victory against the humans. Boxer probably still felt kind of ashamed of hurting the young boy, but he probably felt better when he was awarded with the award Animal Hero, First Class and that he'd helped in their victory of the humans.
 * 9. __The animals have risked their lives to create a society in which they hold the power. From what you know about the pigs so far, why is this ironic?__** This is ironic because the pigs hold the power. The animals don't seem to share the power at all. The less clever animals who listen to the pigs are risking their lives for something that will be taken away from them. The pigs don't seem willing to risk their lives for power. All they want is to live comfortably and say they are doing as much work as any other animal. They took over the farm because Jones was treating the animals bad, but the pigs are doing the same thing.
 * __1. Why is Mollie rejected by the other animals?__** Mollie's rejected because she was found communicating with humans and accepting sugar lumps and ribbons from the neighboring farm.
 * __2. What happens betwwn Snoball and Napoleon over the windmill issue?__** When Napoleon sees that he's losing in the windmill issue, he calls in the forgotten puppies to chase Snowball away.
 * __3. Compare and contrast the life on the farm under Jones' rule and Napoleon's rule.__** When the farm was under Jones' rule, the animals were forced to do the work. Under Napoleon's rule, the animal are working to achieve the goals that they want to see, not because they're forced to.
 * __4. How has obedience and loyalty come to replace freedom and bravery on the farm?__** Under Napoleon's rule, the animals now have to replace bravery and freedom with loyalty and obedience otherwise Napoleon might send the guard after that animal or they might get their rations cut in half.
 * __5. Squealer squelches the animals' arguments about Napoleon's takeover. Describe this technique. Would you decide it a propaganda? Explain.__** Squealer makes the animals believe that Napoleon is changing things for the better of the farm rather than himself and the pigs. In his argument he always includes saying that if the pigs weren't in charge, Jones would come back. Yes. Squealer and the pigs always use the threat Jones coming back.
 * __6. Boxer's motto is, "I will work harder." Explain how this shapes his character.__** This shapes his character by showing us that he's loyal and will do what he is told, not only how the instructor wants it done, but better.
 * __7. The windmill is eventually built. How does Napoleon establish credit for this?__** He gets Squealer to tell the animals that the windmill was originally his idea, but Snowball stole it and Napoleon waited for the right time to chase Snowball off the farm.
 * __8. Napoleon begins changing the laws to suit his needs. Find examples of this. Describe how the animals are forced to accept these changes.__** Napoleon changes the Seven Commandments to how he wants them and to make his life more confortable and he allows only the pigs to wake up an hour later and cancels Sunday meetings. The animals are forced to accept the changes with the threat of the guard dogs and the threat of only getting half rations.
 * __9. Several euphemisms have been used throughout the novel thus far. Explain what "tactics" means as Napoleon uses it.__** Napoleon's tactics were to wait for the right time to chase the traitor Snowball off the farm.
 * __1. The economy is collapsing on the farm. How does Napoleon make it seem everything is fine?__** He shows Whymper the bins they store the food in and these look full because of some creative thinking.
 * __2. The hens threaten to thwart Napoleon. What happens to them?__** Three of the hens die and the rest five in and do as Napoleon tells them.
 * __3. How is the memory of Snowball used to keep the animals in line?__** Napoleon and Squealer have made Snowball look bad by blaming all of the farm's problems on Snowball's doing and they don't want to be chased off like Snowball was.
 * __4. Napoleon feels the need to show cause and effect. He forces four pigs to confess to a rebellious attitudes, then execute them. Explain the meaning of this and how it affects Napoleon's power?__** It makes the animals more afraid of him and more willing to follow his orders.
 * __5. Clover is singing //Beasts of England// after the executions. Why? What does this reveal about Clover?__** Clover believed in what Old Major was aiming at and describing and it shows that Clover knows what she believes in but gets confused.
 * __6. Napoleon abolishes the song. What reason does he give? What is the true reason?__** The song was about the Rebellion and now the Rebellion was over so there is no more use for the song. The true reason is because Napoleon doesn't want the animals to understand the words and rise up against him.
 * __7. Napoleon is systematically lying to the animals. Examine Chapter 8 for evidence of this.__**
 * __8. How does the poem Comrade Napoleon work to build up Napoleon's image?__**
 * __9. Compare and contrast the Battle of the Windmill to those of the Rebellion and Battle of the Cowshed.__**
 * __1. Describe the stated purpose and the real purpose of the Spontaneous Demonstration.__**
 * __2. Explain Napoleon's purpose in allowing Moses to return to the farm. How is this significant for Napoleon.__**
 * __3. Boxer is admired by the animals on the farm. Why? What are the animals led to believe about where he is sent when he is ill? Where is he really sent? Describe Squealer's coverup of this event.__**
 * __4. Analyze the symobism of the knacker.__**
 * __5. Over the course of events, the society within the farm has portioned itself into two classes. What are they and why/how did they form?__**

1.I think the animals were never encouraged to never run away with Moses when he explained Candy Mountain because I think they were afraid to because they were probably afraid that Napoleon would have his dogs chase them down and kill them. I also don't think they thought they could outrun the dogs because Moses could fly so they could never kill him anyway buy they could not so I think they did think they would make it. Napoleon probably told Moses that if he tried to convince the animals to go to candy mountain he would execute him or exile him.2.The significance of the song Beasts of England is extremely important during and after the rebellion. It is extremely important because it helped the animals and it was something Old Major sang after his speech. It was important during the rebellion because whenever the animals thought about it they thought about Old Major and what he had told them and that they should rebel to get the farm they wanted. It basically was a moral booster during the rebellion because of Old Major and what he did. 3 When Jones had the farm, the animals were a bit resentful of all the hard work they had to do. Once the animals took over the farm, they worked than ever. Why did their resentment vanish.? The animals believed that the work they were doing was for themselves because they were no longer working for humans. But at the end of the book, they pretty much were taking orders from the humans, because they couldn't tell the difference between the pigs and the humans. 4. Napoleon is against building the windmill. Why? Why does he late change his mind? He is against the windmill because he liked to disagree with everything that Snowball said. He probably didn't even look at the plans until Snowball was gone. He changed his mind because he finally realized that building the windmill was a good idea. 5) Napoleon was in a big fight with Snowball ad we all know. The thing that Napoleon had that Snowball didn't was tha power over the dogs. That put him in a very strong position. When there was a meeting and Napoleon was sick of Snowball arguing with him. He had the dogs chase him away. Th animals didn't stop him for multiple reasons. Some were scared of the dogs. some were too dumb. Some were shocked and didn't think of the chance of stopping them. They wouldn't have been able to anyway. 6. Squealer always says Jones would come back if the pigs weren't in charge and if any animals would question the pigs, the dogs would get them. 7. The leader should make decisions that would benefit the whole community, but they should get some opinions on the matter before they make their final decision. 8. They told the animals that they can sleep on the beds in the house because they don't have any sheets and that follows the seven commandments. 11. Clover likes the fact that she works hard for the better of the farm and Squealer makes her think that things are better by confusing her. 12. Boxer works hard because he wants the farm to prosper. He wants to make a good environment and it's how he deals with his confusion. 13. At first the farm was supposed to be an utopia but like everything, people want power.
 * 9. No animal complained when the pigs said they were getting up an hour later because** they couldn't. If they did the dogs would bark and growl and there was the possibility that they would be chased off the farm. besides the pigs didn't really do anything in the fields and the building.snowball also convinced them that it was okay because after all the thinking they do they need time to think and repose. " you would not have us too tired to carry out pour duties would you?" And then once again he uses the propaganda " surely you would not want Jones back, would you?"
 * __10.__** Napoleon didn't know that Snowball had destroyed the windmill. Napoleon blamed Snowball because he didn't like him and he wants the less clever animals to believe that he's the good guy and by showing how bad Snowball really was, this gives Napoleon more honor and trust from the animals because he was able to recognize the traitor. By chasing Snowball off the farm, Napoleon earned power and trust but, by telling the animals that Snowball pushed down the windmill, the animals were shocked to hear that Snowball would do such a thing and they then loyally followed Napoleon.

first communist government when he defeated the Provisional Government. ||
 * __Russian Revolution 1917__**
 * ~ Key Player ||~ Description ||
 * Tsar Nicholas II || Born in 1868 in Tsarskoe Selo. Executed in July of 1918 in the remote Siberian city of Ekaterinburg. Tsar Nicholas II was for the Tsarist Aristocracy. ||
 * Vladimir Lenin || Leader of the Russian Bolshevik Party. His real name is Vladimir IIIych Ulyanov. He changed it to Lenin while running from the secret police. In the November of 1917, Lenin set up the
 * George Orwell || Born in 1903 in Motihari, Bengal. ||
 * Joseph Stalin || Born in Gori, Georgia on Dec. 21st 1879. He was the second leader of the Soviet Union. He was on the resister's side. He formed the Bosheviks. ||
 * Leo Trotsky || One of the first revolutionaries. Supporter of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. ||


 * ~ Word ||~ Definition ||
 * 1. enmity || feelings of hatred towards somebody ||
 * 2. vivacious || having a lively, attractive personality ||
 * 3. benevolent || kind, helpful, and generous ||
 * 4. maxim || a phrase that expresses something that is usually true or a rule for sensible behavior ||
 * 5. ignominious || makes, or should make, you feel ashamed ||
 * 6. posthumously || happening, done, published after a person has died ||
 * 7. seclusion || being private or of having little contact with people ||
 * 8. pretext || excuse; false reason for doing something, usually something bad, in order to hide the real reason ||
 * 9. aloof || at a distance ||
 * 10. sordid || filthy and dirty ||
 * 11. capitulate || to give up on terms agreed on ||
 * 12. incite || to urge on, stir up ||
 * 13. conciliatory || acting in a way to get agreement, heal trust and goodwill, or end someone's anger ||
 * 14. taciturn || say little; silent; reserved; uncommunicative ||
 * 15. frugal || costs little, inexpensive; living without wast; thrifty ||
 * 16. cynical || believeing in the worst of humans and motives ||
 * 17. tyranny || government where a single ruler has absolute power ||
 * 18. eminent/preeminent || above others in position; having a supreme rank or importance ||
 * 19. apathy || lack of emotion; lack of interest ||
 * 20. obstinate || stand against; oppose; resolve on ||
 * 21. indefatigable || to tire out; weary ||
 * 22. tractable || easily managed; controlled ||
 * 23. ratify || to make; to approve or confirm ||
 * 24. innovation || introduction of something new such as an idea or method ||
 * 25. procure || to get possession of; to get; to gain ||
 * 26. articulate || expressing yourself clearly or effectively ||
 * 27. repose || state of rest(n); to lay down(v) ||
 * 28. imposing || impressive in size, dignity, etc. ||
 * 29. accord || to come into agreement; give especially as due or earned ||
 * 30. unscathed || unharmed; not injured ||
 * 31. impending || about to happen ||
 * 32. censure || harsh criticism or disapproval ||
 * 33. diligent || careful and determined in finishing jobs ||
 * 34. intimate (v.) || imply or hint ||
 * 35. malignant || evil in nature, influence, or effect ||
 * 36. morose || peevish; fretful ||
 * 37. tumult || a swelling or surging up; noisy commotion- crowd; uproar ||
 * 38. collaborate || work together ||
 * 39. countenance || way one hold oneself; restraint ||
 * 40. contemplate || to gaze attentively; observe ||